タイトル |
養液土耕(潅水同時施肥)栽培による施設キュウリの養水分管理 |
担当機関 |
埼玉県園芸試験場 |
研究期間 |
1994~1994 |
研究担当者 |
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発行年度 |
1995 |
要約 |
全自動で根圏に養水分を供給できる養液土耕栽培によって、施設キュウリでは潅水、施肥の省力化、施肥量の節減ができることを明らかにし、養液土耕栽培による半促成、抑制キュウリの養水分管理技術のマニュアルを作成した。
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背景・ねらい |
今後の園芸作物生産では栽培管理の省力化並びに効率的な施肥に基づく環境保全型農業の推進が必要である。そこで、施設キュウリを対象に、全自動でキュウリが必要とする養水分を根圏に供給できる養液土耕栽培システムを用いて、リアルタイム栄養診断を取り入れた省力的でかつ施肥量の節減を図れる養水分管理技術を明らかにしようとする。
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成果の内容・特徴 |
- 養液土耕区は栽培期間中の土壌の無機態窒素含量が低かったが、葉柄汁液の硝酸濃度は診断基準区と同等で、半促成栽培では20%、抑制栽培では35%少ない窒素量でリアルタイム栄養診断基準値を維持できた(図1、図2)。
- 診断基準区は栽培全期間を通して窒素吸収量よりも施肥量が上回っていたが、養液土耕区は収穫開始以降、施肥量よりも吸収量が上回り、診断基準区に比べ作付け前の残存窒素や地力由来の窒素を多く吸収し、より効率的な施肥を実施できた(図3)。
- 養液土耕区の収量はやや多く、この原因として養液土耕区は診断基準区に比べ栽培期間中の土壌中の無機態窒素含量が低く経過したことと、pF1.8前後の同一水分条件に保持できたことにより、根系に与えるストレスが少なくなったと考えられた(表1)。
- 養液土耕栽培における養水分管理のマニュアルは、窒素施肥量では本試験の90~120%に、潅水量では90~150%の範囲に設定した(表2)。栽培状況に応じて窒素施肥量はリアルタイム栄養診断の実施、潅水量はpFを測定して、マニュアルを補正していく必要がある。
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成果の活用面・留意点 |
- 水質が悪い場合は点滴チューブの目詰まりや装置故障の原因となるため、濾過装置を設置する必要がある。
- 塩類集積防止のため、副成分のない肥料を用いることが望ましく、養液土耕栽培用の専用肥料もある。その他の方法として硝酸加里、尿素を配合して用いてもよい。
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図表1 |
![215005-1.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/215005-1.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAoaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAJ6xxBipPUZi24kCXF0zVP45D5QobjOtzHD93oN1dFGxAiBWgnoQfDsQbUKxDVH4U1prKNnGhkcFaPy53mm4dMkWpiqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMr2XAEKilrtELrfvwKu0Dsm6gus%2F6ZX5kAnOaM7fSiVGoTweOb7xjAcOIJYMbjKmXXSKMZnKNRM76KtmNOLqrDOVtFyqhttpHQOyGg5GFhdqXTKLv%2F9Kecr3HZGK93jFc3hqYcWJp5L95lvM0Gwe8%2BAVTP6mHF%2BsNckR2YG%2FxguiRRl4SS24d%2FFUdVpe7R%2FLozwUCpMmy%2Bv1N92AP2Zg52Di4gS5iEG3UeuLPBMy0lYcJws8N%2B5tqSTs5TajBc5Tofuu%2BJVJdVK%2F5UmjrLvnD0wfwBD0sYQAybegORNn%2FvADI8yfNKAmgF0trPMUEamCNAu2DtqOQpDmEiNgy5rNjo7qYcckwpXSwCKFwxCw4RTSyBfiwZHuKNvVLItWudAY7z08qqdhVwUd5Nc6p6Bnq%2FOpG5C2msOZio%2F7fM7BmPT01uvq1XxYoMJkH%2BCvfz9tuUdOq9ClHwgKdNchIQiL%2BSidklXWbe%2FoMWJLj50fvI3Tuir4EbPt4Ot3%2Bk1iIeAD3GZ%2B0dPGPK5BCBEOWKMilhCtGyVF3IsHB6wZTyZLJPncBLBqDMwr1qvNRQ7SS3yMj9rP55UFf4ClLEizmNzxkPYr9FYhbHrlgvy%2Bf%2FWxGcDqCL3F%2F5PCg4eG%2B5htQdaoA17dQYOHW2ImrcG4Q16YRzOodA0r3NoY%2BavWiMzDRuJG1BjqmAeoxjJClZuaqXggrx96zz3YEzkcJT0iXptgwOxFYoyyejzgSQEi6qtfW1TrpStWPCrq6kNRHgyFa86ItUMcFsXcB3gRDFo9jc%2BuXDdNTYz%2BB3HiWnwX%2F7RsceJwNf5cz%2B2dr3aeD6z9HfNw3ZN0XftUwHjuTYGtigodrTPyAGaD8UGxfxScHZiCrmmP3WhYCdPuOn4geytrOuu63pQzdPuvREnrQb88%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUYYMZN3X6%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T024645Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=6fb4f8cc1c9d35d490f504bca544d848daae00cad1a43777e2d616696267c0af) |
図表2 |
![215005-2.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/215005-2.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAoaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAJ6xxBipPUZi24kCXF0zVP45D5QobjOtzHD93oN1dFGxAiBWgnoQfDsQbUKxDVH4U1prKNnGhkcFaPy53mm4dMkWpiqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMr2XAEKilrtELrfvwKu0Dsm6gus%2F6ZX5kAnOaM7fSiVGoTweOb7xjAcOIJYMbjKmXXSKMZnKNRM76KtmNOLqrDOVtFyqhttpHQOyGg5GFhdqXTKLv%2F9Kecr3HZGK93jFc3hqYcWJp5L95lvM0Gwe8%2BAVTP6mHF%2BsNckR2YG%2FxguiRRl4SS24d%2FFUdVpe7R%2FLozwUCpMmy%2Bv1N92AP2Zg52Di4gS5iEG3UeuLPBMy0lYcJws8N%2B5tqSTs5TajBc5Tofuu%2BJVJdVK%2F5UmjrLvnD0wfwBD0sYQAybegORNn%2FvADI8yfNKAmgF0trPMUEamCNAu2DtqOQpDmEiNgy5rNjo7qYcckwpXSwCKFwxCw4RTSyBfiwZHuKNvVLItWudAY7z08qqdhVwUd5Nc6p6Bnq%2FOpG5C2msOZio%2F7fM7BmPT01uvq1XxYoMJkH%2BCvfz9tuUdOq9ClHwgKdNchIQiL%2BSidklXWbe%2FoMWJLj50fvI3Tuir4EbPt4Ot3%2Bk1iIeAD3GZ%2B0dPGPK5BCBEOWKMilhCtGyVF3IsHB6wZTyZLJPncBLBqDMwr1qvNRQ7SS3yMj9rP55UFf4ClLEizmNzxkPYr9FYhbHrlgvy%2Bf%2FWxGcDqCL3F%2F5PCg4eG%2B5htQdaoA17dQYOHW2ImrcG4Q16YRzOodA0r3NoY%2BavWiMzDRuJG1BjqmAeoxjJClZuaqXggrx96zz3YEzkcJT0iXptgwOxFYoyyejzgSQEi6qtfW1TrpStWPCrq6kNRHgyFa86ItUMcFsXcB3gRDFo9jc%2BuXDdNTYz%2BB3HiWnwX%2F7RsceJwNf5cz%2B2dr3aeD6z9HfNw3ZN0XftUwHjuTYGtigodrTPyAGaD8UGxfxScHZiCrmmP3WhYCdPuOn4geytrOuu63pQzdPuvREnrQb88%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUYYMZN3X6%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T024645Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=a47b641dd849bfeca82889e4c979577efe10874b4ac66726b3da5ed8d15673e9) |
図表3 |
![215005-3.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/215005-3.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAoaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAJ6xxBipPUZi24kCXF0zVP45D5QobjOtzHD93oN1dFGxAiBWgnoQfDsQbUKxDVH4U1prKNnGhkcFaPy53mm4dMkWpiqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMr2XAEKilrtELrfvwKu0Dsm6gus%2F6ZX5kAnOaM7fSiVGoTweOb7xjAcOIJYMbjKmXXSKMZnKNRM76KtmNOLqrDOVtFyqhttpHQOyGg5GFhdqXTKLv%2F9Kecr3HZGK93jFc3hqYcWJp5L95lvM0Gwe8%2BAVTP6mHF%2BsNckR2YG%2FxguiRRl4SS24d%2FFUdVpe7R%2FLozwUCpMmy%2Bv1N92AP2Zg52Di4gS5iEG3UeuLPBMy0lYcJws8N%2B5tqSTs5TajBc5Tofuu%2BJVJdVK%2F5UmjrLvnD0wfwBD0sYQAybegORNn%2FvADI8yfNKAmgF0trPMUEamCNAu2DtqOQpDmEiNgy5rNjo7qYcckwpXSwCKFwxCw4RTSyBfiwZHuKNvVLItWudAY7z08qqdhVwUd5Nc6p6Bnq%2FOpG5C2msOZio%2F7fM7BmPT01uvq1XxYoMJkH%2BCvfz9tuUdOq9ClHwgKdNchIQiL%2BSidklXWbe%2FoMWJLj50fvI3Tuir4EbPt4Ot3%2Bk1iIeAD3GZ%2B0dPGPK5BCBEOWKMilhCtGyVF3IsHB6wZTyZLJPncBLBqDMwr1qvNRQ7SS3yMj9rP55UFf4ClLEizmNzxkPYr9FYhbHrlgvy%2Bf%2FWxGcDqCL3F%2F5PCg4eG%2B5htQdaoA17dQYOHW2ImrcG4Q16YRzOodA0r3NoY%2BavWiMzDRuJG1BjqmAeoxjJClZuaqXggrx96zz3YEzkcJT0iXptgwOxFYoyyejzgSQEi6qtfW1TrpStWPCrq6kNRHgyFa86ItUMcFsXcB3gRDFo9jc%2BuXDdNTYz%2BB3HiWnwX%2F7RsceJwNf5cz%2B2dr3aeD6z9HfNw3ZN0XftUwHjuTYGtigodrTPyAGaD8UGxfxScHZiCrmmP3WhYCdPuOn4geytrOuu63pQzdPuvREnrQb88%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUYYMZN3X6%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T024645Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=7a7c9c9534531b1fe9f13a7190901940590bc34a4a409170726d7ec812264694) |
図表4 |
![215005-4.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/215005-4.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAoaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAJ6xxBipPUZi24kCXF0zVP45D5QobjOtzHD93oN1dFGxAiBWgnoQfDsQbUKxDVH4U1prKNnGhkcFaPy53mm4dMkWpiqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMr2XAEKilrtELrfvwKu0Dsm6gus%2F6ZX5kAnOaM7fSiVGoTweOb7xjAcOIJYMbjKmXXSKMZnKNRM76KtmNOLqrDOVtFyqhttpHQOyGg5GFhdqXTKLv%2F9Kecr3HZGK93jFc3hqYcWJp5L95lvM0Gwe8%2BAVTP6mHF%2BsNckR2YG%2FxguiRRl4SS24d%2FFUdVpe7R%2FLozwUCpMmy%2Bv1N92AP2Zg52Di4gS5iEG3UeuLPBMy0lYcJws8N%2B5tqSTs5TajBc5Tofuu%2BJVJdVK%2F5UmjrLvnD0wfwBD0sYQAybegORNn%2FvADI8yfNKAmgF0trPMUEamCNAu2DtqOQpDmEiNgy5rNjo7qYcckwpXSwCKFwxCw4RTSyBfiwZHuKNvVLItWudAY7z08qqdhVwUd5Nc6p6Bnq%2FOpG5C2msOZio%2F7fM7BmPT01uvq1XxYoMJkH%2BCvfz9tuUdOq9ClHwgKdNchIQiL%2BSidklXWbe%2FoMWJLj50fvI3Tuir4EbPt4Ot3%2Bk1iIeAD3GZ%2B0dPGPK5BCBEOWKMilhCtGyVF3IsHB6wZTyZLJPncBLBqDMwr1qvNRQ7SS3yMj9rP55UFf4ClLEizmNzxkPYr9FYhbHrlgvy%2Bf%2FWxGcDqCL3F%2F5PCg4eG%2B5htQdaoA17dQYOHW2ImrcG4Q16YRzOodA0r3NoY%2BavWiMzDRuJG1BjqmAeoxjJClZuaqXggrx96zz3YEzkcJT0iXptgwOxFYoyyejzgSQEi6qtfW1TrpStWPCrq6kNRHgyFa86ItUMcFsXcB3gRDFo9jc%2BuXDdNTYz%2BB3HiWnwX%2F7RsceJwNf5cz%2B2dr3aeD6z9HfNw3ZN0XftUwHjuTYGtigodrTPyAGaD8UGxfxScHZiCrmmP3WhYCdPuOn4geytrOuu63pQzdPuvREnrQb88%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUYYMZN3X6%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T024645Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=634e517828dd804a3cb5c2e11f09e746e10b8cfa5a7db730a50d04a04da900d4) |
図表5 |
![215005-5.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/215005-5.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAoaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAJ6xxBipPUZi24kCXF0zVP45D5QobjOtzHD93oN1dFGxAiBWgnoQfDsQbUKxDVH4U1prKNnGhkcFaPy53mm4dMkWpiqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMr2XAEKilrtELrfvwKu0Dsm6gus%2F6ZX5kAnOaM7fSiVGoTweOb7xjAcOIJYMbjKmXXSKMZnKNRM76KtmNOLqrDOVtFyqhttpHQOyGg5GFhdqXTKLv%2F9Kecr3HZGK93jFc3hqYcWJp5L95lvM0Gwe8%2BAVTP6mHF%2BsNckR2YG%2FxguiRRl4SS24d%2FFUdVpe7R%2FLozwUCpMmy%2Bv1N92AP2Zg52Di4gS5iEG3UeuLPBMy0lYcJws8N%2B5tqSTs5TajBc5Tofuu%2BJVJdVK%2F5UmjrLvnD0wfwBD0sYQAybegORNn%2FvADI8yfNKAmgF0trPMUEamCNAu2DtqOQpDmEiNgy5rNjo7qYcckwpXSwCKFwxCw4RTSyBfiwZHuKNvVLItWudAY7z08qqdhVwUd5Nc6p6Bnq%2FOpG5C2msOZio%2F7fM7BmPT01uvq1XxYoMJkH%2BCvfz9tuUdOq9ClHwgKdNchIQiL%2BSidklXWbe%2FoMWJLj50fvI3Tuir4EbPt4Ot3%2Bk1iIeAD3GZ%2B0dPGPK5BCBEOWKMilhCtGyVF3IsHB6wZTyZLJPncBLBqDMwr1qvNRQ7SS3yMj9rP55UFf4ClLEizmNzxkPYr9FYhbHrlgvy%2Bf%2FWxGcDqCL3F%2F5PCg4eG%2B5htQdaoA17dQYOHW2ImrcG4Q16YRzOodA0r3NoY%2BavWiMzDRuJG1BjqmAeoxjJClZuaqXggrx96zz3YEzkcJT0iXptgwOxFYoyyejzgSQEi6qtfW1TrpStWPCrq6kNRHgyFa86ItUMcFsXcB3gRDFo9jc%2BuXDdNTYz%2BB3HiWnwX%2F7RsceJwNf5cz%2B2dr3aeD6z9HfNw3ZN0XftUwHjuTYGtigodrTPyAGaD8UGxfxScHZiCrmmP3WhYCdPuOn4geytrOuu63pQzdPuvREnrQb88%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUYYMZN3X6%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T024645Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=ea80777ebf6be54912847b33bcde3a27aceabb14f13152fe95e108a1de5db783) |
カテゴリ |
肥料
栄養診断
管理技術
きゅうり
栽培技術
省力化
施肥
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