タイトル |
薬剤散布装置付き全自動移植機によるキャベツ定植作業 |
担当機関 |
神奈川県農業総合研究所 |
研究期間 |
1998~1999 |
研究担当者 |
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発行年度 |
1999 |
要約 |
薬剤散布装置付き全自動移植機を利用すると、定植と同時に植え穴に土壌施用剤を正確に散布できる。また、作業時間は慣行手作業の25%に短縮でき、作業負担は慣行手作業の26%に低減し、作業姿勢も深い前屈姿勢から直立姿勢に改善され、不快作業が解消されるとともに大幅な省力・軽労化が可能となる。
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背景・ねらい |
全自動移植機利用による省力定植技術が夏まき栽培で普及し始めているが、土壌施用剤の散布は手作業で行わなければならず、不快で労力を要する作業となっている。そこで、定植と同時に植え穴に土壌施用剤が散布できる薬剤散布装置付き全自動移植機の散布精度と省力・軽労効果を明らかにし、定植の省力化と合わせて防除の効率化を図ることをねらいとした。
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成果の内容・特徴 |
- 本機の利用により、粒剤の物理的性状が変わっても、根鉢の周囲にほぼ設定どおりの量を散布できる(表1)。
- 土壌中の散布範囲は図1に示すとおりで、根鉢周囲の深さ6.5cm、幅3.7cm、長さ13cmの範囲であった。撒布密度は図の点線部で高かった。
- 本機利用による10a当たりの植付け・粒剤散布作業時間は2.5時間で、慣行手作業10.2時間の25%に短縮でき、省力化と合わせて不快作業が解消できた(表2)。
- エネルギ代謝率(RMR)は、移植機作業2.9、慣行手作業では散布2.5、植付け2.8で、作業強度はいずれも中等作業に分類された。10a当たりの消費エネルギ量は、移植機作業615kcal、慣行手作業2,412kcalで、本機利用により作業負担は26%に低減した(表2)。
- 作業姿勢は、慣行手作業では90度以上の深い前屈姿勢割合が散布、植付作業とも90%以上であったが、本機利用では0~29度の直立からやや前屈姿勢割合が87.7%となった(表3)。
- 本機を利用した栽培体系による収量は5,800kg/10aで、地床苗を使用した慣行手作業体系による収量と同等であった(表4)。
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成果の活用面・留意点 |
- 土壌施用剤は種類により物理的性状が違うため、薬剤に応じた散布量の設定をする。
- 粒剤散布及び植付精度を高めるため、定植圃場は良く砕土し植付面を均平にしておく。
- 圃場が乾燥している時は、植付後に十分かん水する。
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図表1 |
![216191-1.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/216191-1.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAsaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhALrS%2BLnrgZtVs1cQEG1revK0D2XFKzD4uxOp5IXuCn0cAiAWOSeXWOJInez7qV9Bsqi7B9wFSioFfZwmOZKYE8VB2CqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMNPuoL6OFUe0pzwUkKu0D7hNsC%2BVYCfN%2FYQP4hjYFMgYJfVC2FO0iCGbRbcjxdG8KHmw6WMIXEKr%2FsumDM8FZJwudXsk0MPTnVllphWpFFT%2FOCUFH8HHWS67h5Ov0fIq2rS3IPzwRUsqD5zG7ixCtaZcJwdtcSV6mDTxC75qRIun2HliJwD1lDlDLFB1QUVqNz0VQnQpIKYgDZJ3%2BI3yFAycuvHRzjRi5pcoOzE3O%2BfREGzGPJJWajOHjPn3LhRxN1TOse9T5%2FiV4Zu42ytIyH0Ju087Y2VVodbffsHVsLLhB7%2BPTXmaUeoWuOJyP8mCR4spEFOkyZObz0E5QQjkYkdPv%2F8xxIybmz3kYUHE3Lw9Mb7Q4%2BSXvsV2RVZYCQ9rWU8NkkEUx%2BAZNTt5Q03LN39B06bg3KKKFVkzLcufp1l8BoIX0aJ00U%2BDEgkv04y1ezlNgJ0h8608Ve%2FA%2FlNmi3fr4nt1Bb6LUQBw25bK4mNovRUJV21qvoHw%2Bd3gu6quv7m1%2FFrMR6p2tLvAFDGoE87cyBWQg09cQHDwH83OeATHVxhqZFrPIv%2BqsKGxbj4%2Fk1FIYMssdW%2BtxSPnq8kKiGPotgMD%2FOGouDLC85PLLAq%2Bkvy%2FMY9k60ZxzLZfgsHUhnPOky%2Fme63IvZiPLLglSp1QKRyiH8X2tjgI0azCyv5G1BjqmAdsYmVEMpbx8j0sr0OtV%2Be2%2FccOEovb5ybAeptudKIZWDk2QFHixMIm%2FaL9fklPZvpidSRkUgxhJc%2BrMpOYFaQJP5oA7Djr1vgqBq9HMgPerWHGLHe6D%2FRFtVrk5%2F9l4CseCgE9o8oJqix%2BZZlrdUSccUoP%2Fz6tWildJLoQQZr%2F31W%2FXJ1evDpSbkPFa5kA2%2Bn%2B9JRwXv8DsAQC2lLqcQ1NBAo6fZow%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUVNK647TX%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T025155Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=37f5e8ae37996da97fdbe31111de92f6e6c86d44830a80a1da1cf1592feed57c) |
図表2 |
![216191-2.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/216191-2.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAsaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhALrS%2BLnrgZtVs1cQEG1revK0D2XFKzD4uxOp5IXuCn0cAiAWOSeXWOJInez7qV9Bsqi7B9wFSioFfZwmOZKYE8VB2CqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMNPuoL6OFUe0pzwUkKu0D7hNsC%2BVYCfN%2FYQP4hjYFMgYJfVC2FO0iCGbRbcjxdG8KHmw6WMIXEKr%2FsumDM8FZJwudXsk0MPTnVllphWpFFT%2FOCUFH8HHWS67h5Ov0fIq2rS3IPzwRUsqD5zG7ixCtaZcJwdtcSV6mDTxC75qRIun2HliJwD1lDlDLFB1QUVqNz0VQnQpIKYgDZJ3%2BI3yFAycuvHRzjRi5pcoOzE3O%2BfREGzGPJJWajOHjPn3LhRxN1TOse9T5%2FiV4Zu42ytIyH0Ju087Y2VVodbffsHVsLLhB7%2BPTXmaUeoWuOJyP8mCR4spEFOkyZObz0E5QQjkYkdPv%2F8xxIybmz3kYUHE3Lw9Mb7Q4%2BSXvsV2RVZYCQ9rWU8NkkEUx%2BAZNTt5Q03LN39B06bg3KKKFVkzLcufp1l8BoIX0aJ00U%2BDEgkv04y1ezlNgJ0h8608Ve%2FA%2FlNmi3fr4nt1Bb6LUQBw25bK4mNovRUJV21qvoHw%2Bd3gu6quv7m1%2FFrMR6p2tLvAFDGoE87cyBWQg09cQHDwH83OeATHVxhqZFrPIv%2BqsKGxbj4%2Fk1FIYMssdW%2BtxSPnq8kKiGPotgMD%2FOGouDLC85PLLAq%2Bkvy%2FMY9k60ZxzLZfgsHUhnPOky%2Fme63IvZiPLLglSp1QKRyiH8X2tjgI0azCyv5G1BjqmAdsYmVEMpbx8j0sr0OtV%2Be2%2FccOEovb5ybAeptudKIZWDk2QFHixMIm%2FaL9fklPZvpidSRkUgxhJc%2BrMpOYFaQJP5oA7Djr1vgqBq9HMgPerWHGLHe6D%2FRFtVrk5%2F9l4CseCgE9o8oJqix%2BZZlrdUSccUoP%2Fz6tWildJLoQQZr%2F31W%2FXJ1evDpSbkPFa5kA2%2Bn%2B9JRwXv8DsAQC2lLqcQ1NBAo6fZow%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUVNK647TX%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T025155Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=787ca0788d474a9216e48a09d8ddbd77f35cd45d54b3a2a1805559b37f9a26a7) |
図表3 |
![216191-3.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/216191-3.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAsaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhALrS%2BLnrgZtVs1cQEG1revK0D2XFKzD4uxOp5IXuCn0cAiAWOSeXWOJInez7qV9Bsqi7B9wFSioFfZwmOZKYE8VB2CqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMNPuoL6OFUe0pzwUkKu0D7hNsC%2BVYCfN%2FYQP4hjYFMgYJfVC2FO0iCGbRbcjxdG8KHmw6WMIXEKr%2FsumDM8FZJwudXsk0MPTnVllphWpFFT%2FOCUFH8HHWS67h5Ov0fIq2rS3IPzwRUsqD5zG7ixCtaZcJwdtcSV6mDTxC75qRIun2HliJwD1lDlDLFB1QUVqNz0VQnQpIKYgDZJ3%2BI3yFAycuvHRzjRi5pcoOzE3O%2BfREGzGPJJWajOHjPn3LhRxN1TOse9T5%2FiV4Zu42ytIyH0Ju087Y2VVodbffsHVsLLhB7%2BPTXmaUeoWuOJyP8mCR4spEFOkyZObz0E5QQjkYkdPv%2F8xxIybmz3kYUHE3Lw9Mb7Q4%2BSXvsV2RVZYCQ9rWU8NkkEUx%2BAZNTt5Q03LN39B06bg3KKKFVkzLcufp1l8BoIX0aJ00U%2BDEgkv04y1ezlNgJ0h8608Ve%2FA%2FlNmi3fr4nt1Bb6LUQBw25bK4mNovRUJV21qvoHw%2Bd3gu6quv7m1%2FFrMR6p2tLvAFDGoE87cyBWQg09cQHDwH83OeATHVxhqZFrPIv%2BqsKGxbj4%2Fk1FIYMssdW%2BtxSPnq8kKiGPotgMD%2FOGouDLC85PLLAq%2Bkvy%2FMY9k60ZxzLZfgsHUhnPOky%2Fme63IvZiPLLglSp1QKRyiH8X2tjgI0azCyv5G1BjqmAdsYmVEMpbx8j0sr0OtV%2Be2%2FccOEovb5ybAeptudKIZWDk2QFHixMIm%2FaL9fklPZvpidSRkUgxhJc%2BrMpOYFaQJP5oA7Djr1vgqBq9HMgPerWHGLHe6D%2FRFtVrk5%2F9l4CseCgE9o8oJqix%2BZZlrdUSccUoP%2Fz6tWildJLoQQZr%2F31W%2FXJ1evDpSbkPFa5kA2%2Bn%2B9JRwXv8DsAQC2lLqcQ1NBAo6fZow%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUVNK647TX%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T025155Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=db05dbe1a1f9592cc5ef06eb411a16e1793ff424e11bd712cbb39c818073bff3) |
図表4 |
![216191-4.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/216191-4.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAsaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhALrS%2BLnrgZtVs1cQEG1revK0D2XFKzD4uxOp5IXuCn0cAiAWOSeXWOJInez7qV9Bsqi7B9wFSioFfZwmOZKYE8VB2CqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMNPuoL6OFUe0pzwUkKu0D7hNsC%2BVYCfN%2FYQP4hjYFMgYJfVC2FO0iCGbRbcjxdG8KHmw6WMIXEKr%2FsumDM8FZJwudXsk0MPTnVllphWpFFT%2FOCUFH8HHWS67h5Ov0fIq2rS3IPzwRUsqD5zG7ixCtaZcJwdtcSV6mDTxC75qRIun2HliJwD1lDlDLFB1QUVqNz0VQnQpIKYgDZJ3%2BI3yFAycuvHRzjRi5pcoOzE3O%2BfREGzGPJJWajOHjPn3LhRxN1TOse9T5%2FiV4Zu42ytIyH0Ju087Y2VVodbffsHVsLLhB7%2BPTXmaUeoWuOJyP8mCR4spEFOkyZObz0E5QQjkYkdPv%2F8xxIybmz3kYUHE3Lw9Mb7Q4%2BSXvsV2RVZYCQ9rWU8NkkEUx%2BAZNTt5Q03LN39B06bg3KKKFVkzLcufp1l8BoIX0aJ00U%2BDEgkv04y1ezlNgJ0h8608Ve%2FA%2FlNmi3fr4nt1Bb6LUQBw25bK4mNovRUJV21qvoHw%2Bd3gu6quv7m1%2FFrMR6p2tLvAFDGoE87cyBWQg09cQHDwH83OeATHVxhqZFrPIv%2BqsKGxbj4%2Fk1FIYMssdW%2BtxSPnq8kKiGPotgMD%2FOGouDLC85PLLAq%2Bkvy%2FMY9k60ZxzLZfgsHUhnPOky%2Fme63IvZiPLLglSp1QKRyiH8X2tjgI0azCyv5G1BjqmAdsYmVEMpbx8j0sr0OtV%2Be2%2FccOEovb5ybAeptudKIZWDk2QFHixMIm%2FaL9fklPZvpidSRkUgxhJc%2BrMpOYFaQJP5oA7Djr1vgqBq9HMgPerWHGLHe6D%2FRFtVrk5%2F9l4CseCgE9o8oJqix%2BZZlrdUSccUoP%2Fz6tWildJLoQQZr%2F31W%2FXJ1evDpSbkPFa5kA2%2Bn%2B9JRwXv8DsAQC2lLqcQ1NBAo6fZow%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUVNK647TX%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T025155Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=4bf2946f4950703d446b3e510c2583912dfd7a068dc85f8b1c578cfc230df98c) |
図表5 |
![216191-5.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/216191-5.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAsaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhALrS%2BLnrgZtVs1cQEG1revK0D2XFKzD4uxOp5IXuCn0cAiAWOSeXWOJInez7qV9Bsqi7B9wFSioFfZwmOZKYE8VB2CqZBAjk%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMNPuoL6OFUe0pzwUkKu0D7hNsC%2BVYCfN%2FYQP4hjYFMgYJfVC2FO0iCGbRbcjxdG8KHmw6WMIXEKr%2FsumDM8FZJwudXsk0MPTnVllphWpFFT%2FOCUFH8HHWS67h5Ov0fIq2rS3IPzwRUsqD5zG7ixCtaZcJwdtcSV6mDTxC75qRIun2HliJwD1lDlDLFB1QUVqNz0VQnQpIKYgDZJ3%2BI3yFAycuvHRzjRi5pcoOzE3O%2BfREGzGPJJWajOHjPn3LhRxN1TOse9T5%2FiV4Zu42ytIyH0Ju087Y2VVodbffsHVsLLhB7%2BPTXmaUeoWuOJyP8mCR4spEFOkyZObz0E5QQjkYkdPv%2F8xxIybmz3kYUHE3Lw9Mb7Q4%2BSXvsV2RVZYCQ9rWU8NkkEUx%2BAZNTt5Q03LN39B06bg3KKKFVkzLcufp1l8BoIX0aJ00U%2BDEgkv04y1ezlNgJ0h8608Ve%2FA%2FlNmi3fr4nt1Bb6LUQBw25bK4mNovRUJV21qvoHw%2Bd3gu6quv7m1%2FFrMR6p2tLvAFDGoE87cyBWQg09cQHDwH83OeATHVxhqZFrPIv%2BqsKGxbj4%2Fk1FIYMssdW%2BtxSPnq8kKiGPotgMD%2FOGouDLC85PLLAq%2Bkvy%2FMY9k60ZxzLZfgsHUhnPOky%2Fme63IvZiPLLglSp1QKRyiH8X2tjgI0azCyv5G1BjqmAdsYmVEMpbx8j0sr0OtV%2Be2%2FccOEovb5ybAeptudKIZWDk2QFHixMIm%2FaL9fklPZvpidSRkUgxhJc%2BrMpOYFaQJP5oA7Djr1vgqBq9HMgPerWHGLHe6D%2FRFtVrk5%2F9l4CseCgE9o8oJqix%2BZZlrdUSccUoP%2Fz6tWildJLoQQZr%2F31W%2FXJ1evDpSbkPFa5kA2%2Bn%2B9JRwXv8DsAQC2lLqcQ1NBAo6fZow%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIUVNK647TX%2F20240727%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240727T025155Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=529e926fadbf29ecacc91d0c66b56477c3178d2513223b86001690831cde6768) |
カテゴリ |
病害虫
乾燥
キャベツ
軽労化
栽培技術
栽培体系
省力化
防除
薬剤
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