タイトル |
収穫時におけるタマネギ鱗茎残さの圃場還元技術 |
担当機関 |
兵庫農総セ |
研究期間 |
2004~2006 |
研究担当者 |
大塩哲視
小林尚司
西口真嗣
|
発行年度 |
2007 |
要約 |
タマネギ収穫時に生じる鱗茎残さを圃場還元する場合、通常量(0.5t/10a以下)であれば後作水稲の生育・収量への影響は小さく、灰色腐敗病または細菌性病害に罹病した残さが圃場還元された場合でも、水田化すれば次作タマネギの病害発生は少ない。
|
キーワード |
タマネギ、残さ、圃場還元
|
背景・ねらい |
淡路地域では、タマネギ残さのうち、葉部(約2t/10a)は収穫時に圃場で切除され、量が多く土中での分解も早いため、ほぼ全量がすき込まれる。これに対し、鱗茎残さは、収穫から貯蔵過程を通じて発生し、その総量は鱗茎生産量の約1割、淡路地域全体では年間11,000tにのぼる。収穫時に圃場に散在する鱗茎残さ(以下、残さ)は通常0.5t/10a以下であるが、この搬出と適正処理に労力を要している。南あわじ市では、2006年度より残さ炭化処理施設の運用を開始したが、処理能力は年間最大2,200tであり、これと併用できる、簡易で安全な残さ処理法が求められている。
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成果の内容・特徴 |
- 淡路仕様48本爪のロータリ耕により、残さは球規格にかかわらず容易に破砕され、すき込んだ残さは、水田化ののち約2ヵ月間で分解が完了する。1回の耕うんによっても、残さの分解はすみやかに進む(図1)。
- 水田圃場への残さ投入0.5~1.0t/10aでは、土壌の酸化還元電位(Eh)の低下がすみやかに進むが、残さ無投入との差異は小さく、土壌が強還元となる危険性は低い(図2)。
- 水田圃場への残さ投入0.5~1.0t/10aでは、水稲「キヌヒカリ」の生育収量に影響は認められない(表1)。また水稲の移植精度や倒伏にも影響は認められない(データ省略)。
- 灰色腐敗病または細菌性病害(主として腐敗病)に罹病した残さを投入した場合、畑地継続時には病害が多発するが、水田化し、水稲を作付けすると発病株率は計3~6%となり、残さ投入による影響は認められない(図3)。
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成果の活用面・留意点 |
- 残さには、病害性のものと非病害性のもの(変形、裂球、傷球等)がある。病害性残さについては、適期の薬剤散布等、その発生の低減を基本とする。なお、図1、2および表1では、非病害性残さ(健全球により代用)を用いた場合の試験結果を示す。
- 本技術は、当該ほ場で収穫時に生じた通常量の残さ(0.5t/10a以下)に適用し、病害の拡散防止のため圃場間の残さの移動は行わない。
- 通常、残さ0.5tに含まれる窒素は0.6~0.8kg、すき込まれる葉部2tに含まれる窒素は4~5kg程度であり、残さ投入による水稲作への窒素投入量の変化は小さい。
- 本試験では安全性の評価のため多量の残さを投入したが、病害多発時には炭化処理や従来の石灰窒素を併用したビニル被覆処理も活用する。
- 本処理方法では残さの移動をともなわず、運搬用の容器や荷台を病害残さで汚染する危険性は低い。
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図表1 |
![220390-1.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-1.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=0a54f4320b5960d0850ea06c8ea568bf387a37d920c7ebe69a98c9267e925a70) |
図表2 |
![220390-2.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-2.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=582b51c2deee96334fdaad50f1f43dae082867cb258d5455fcb58dd8133f3d6d) |
図表3 |
![220390-3.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-3.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=0019ca639f606ed5046efc58d2ac0f986280534f57f6173998ace7a2d8db112c) |
図表4 |
![220390-4.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-4.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=f3b43eeb2f6f3dcf29d3cf9d152dbe7b3a0ab25ab69513f176dd8e36c8db2292) |
図表5 |
![220390-5.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-5.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=81101d779739453feebb0d046954b571969692d020d64adb091783514456d97b) |
図表6 |
![220390-6.jpg](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/220390-6.jpg?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGgaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIgK96Mcx%2Bg57mVyT30i0CQYBMyEj3NNky7QPWxYrmpu6ECIQDAdvcWhFl%2BjLChw%2BFHkvHZt%2B4N3ZD%2B3rlW%2FimC9ibULSqZBAiB%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMTNT%2B1C54o9diq2dgKu0DXlh5ppkOtiVm%2FyBt8Py%2BKhzbisPBiiy9SlRoEn4Pe2w0luhT%2BLdT5j0FmQ3kYOCTRDQo4eKbgZ3nmy4BEKHWjHu%2B6cgdEoPhEmv7PRCqi46pqKTjT0hCrDWiYD0ol7xiqakg6d9yrWHXlglpimVeosgTEhVmZsj7BbZQVNiwiJ0tWrc8uThJhoZDW%2F3i%2FNZVCRqYys3AKTeFFUo0Qtoz%2BHi6Xp%2FuzQDp%2F1sDaxb%2BPS57eiSw3S7C2Tj5c%2BJ1xxbsrV8%2BNhIjcN6l0oNMU%2FS1JptMEFAhwICV1FFmJ61ARWdxtqCSbfTOWej%2BZoOJbMQSqTyP%2FVcrcEOvuifhZHHhAM5QwIjzjd4nDMQ8kn%2BS8mRBkehT9J8d%2BkgPL0R2gnY9%2BhxzazlupYmmRgV%2F5ZTtAvd1rKNlvdzWNNyy5j5c3shQtKvvusKKb0HX1PV1bgprZZcP4zb6TmJ1n15NoPn54UeNFIIjoXN7e9aigcPRxTBUPOOuAFwz4C30sCf1Uw2ye0NMPtM33bIQlB8ZDqVjbPe0q%2B%2BuIWCh0gAOHOr8Tl%2FqnzSQWihBJy9gFc5hg3o23I56Eh6wsSUaFf2XALTwCKcNjlZD53tzuN4XoO318hd2EfbjbD%2B5JYQ3Be%2Fk9okBICdFBEaXGLEPOwagtTCC1s62BjqmAS6Tj0vB3DlpHmA6SbN8PMmgWHCWxb73C5zjNt9RnU1U7fzbteRSKPz5bnCoWEFPwbZ5Xd7hgP6avrjOWRYSaAjaVksJ%2FDrWOC4xezWVu2%2FYCEZ6DONy0p1SFRRPzBXolRqY9p8Ag8ZtI500O3W1aADe755gpPskF51kqnHl4%2F9BYBagWOotTEBkJtENmhO8RhccgccGyB%2BP53lQd1irkfsNPl9tvro%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIU4EGWY5C3%2F20240831%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240831T235913Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=738fe436d14b487e11664f70e32301164fc1ab4660246a1125d4ac586be284b8) |
カテゴリ |
水田
水稲
たまねぎ
薬剤
|