タイトル |
施設栽培における下層土診断に基づく窒素施肥改善 |
担当機関 |
道南農試 |
研究期間 |
1998~2002 |
研究担当者 |
中住 晴彦
日笠 裕治
林 哲央
|
発行年度 |
2002 |
要約 |
施設栽培において定植前に深さ20~60cmに残存する硝酸態窒素は,深根性作物であるトマト栽培では根群域が制限されない限り追肥窒素と同様に評価できる。下層に残存する硝酸態窒素はハウス建設後年数が経過し,有効態リン酸が高いハウスで多い。
|
キーワード |
[キーワード]施設栽培、下層土、残存硝酸態窒素、深根性作物、トマト
|
背景・ねらい |
少雪温暖地域の施設栽培では下層に硝酸態窒素が残存する。そこで,作物が下層土の硝酸態窒素をどのように吸収するかを明らかにし,施肥前の下層に残存する硝酸態窒素の診断に基づく窒素施肥改善を行う。
|
成果の内容・特徴 |
- 現地調査より,下層に残存する硝酸態窒素はハウス建設後年数の経過につれ高まる。冬期に被覆を剥がすと春先に深さ40cm以下にも硝酸態窒素が残存し,周年被覆ハウスでは表層から深さ60cmまでに多く残存する。泥炭ハウスでは夏期の窒素供給が特に多い。
土壌診断に基づく施肥対応を十分に行っていない産地では深さ1mまでの硝酸態窒素および有効態リン酸・交換性塩基が蓄積傾向にある。各地域とも有効態リン酸が高まると下層の残存硝酸態窒素も増加するが(図3),有効態リン酸が100mg/100g未満では下層に20kg/10a以上の硝酸態窒素が蓄積したハウスは少ない。 - 下層窒素(60,90cm深)と追肥窒素(定植後28,42日目)の影響を比較した結果,定植前に深さ20~60cmに残存する硝酸態窒素は,深根性作物であるトマト栽培では追肥時期に利用され,追肥窒素と同様に吸収されると評価することができる。ただし,砂礫層等で根群域が制限されると評価できない。根群域が浅い軟白ネギでは,下層(深さ40cm)の硝酸態窒素を利用できない(図1,図2)。
- 容積重が1Mg/m3のとき深さ10cm毎に残存する硝酸態窒素1mg/100gは追肥窒素1kg/10aに相当し,深さ20~60cmでは1mg/100gは4kg/10aに相当する。また,施肥量を算出するために容積重が必要となるが,春の被覆前の土壌含水率%;xから「0.0001x2-0.03x+1.94」の式で推定できる(図4)。
|
成果の活用面・留意点 |
- 本成績は主に少雪温暖地域(道南,日高,胆振等)を中心に調査した結果に基づく。
- 深根性の長期どり野菜(トマトまたはキュウリ等)を対象に基肥施用前に行う。
|
図表1 |
![213394-1.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/213394-1.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDAaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAOyH3qxsUgwP0UsrXXdlpcMOEz%2Fulbsir%2Fe1G%2BqWyCr9AiBko7Uhd1xQVzNGA8uYK9FYMsuZyfex7Mdio40OA3JkTSqZBAjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMjUYRJdHBmJCQxu6xKu0DrT3fvKLu9Ly0u2IcaOkZ6qga8pTecEoUfvG8VJb%2FxfF8JahI%2FNTvzl7%2BIsSqFQzVHk6mPH5gnh5%2FIM83S8%2BO%2BR8LtNAf3AyaH85y0MOCm3pNiCCyUWxTGu4xCJOp9ttuUudtXKIpzpx8quqp3GrkhPls%2B%2Bydja9D3YPcPGKhPFJ3rg5Iqt0OF2NJi2IGtAkzJnW8By4IXYq%2F6e07c%2BAInRDZj%2F2s%2FmVjeXb8raERfnKTtKSqFiZMw1qvZNibHcq%2FviiVrV0zbjGFWCv0wcKOrFtHWIamZV5E4%2F0%2BmvAAYMtDopIr6EUypMh%2F%2FLnDOP5PfLBdkP94%2F6NRpEZoBjeHLuGuJypeI0iB5bX3k9UOIvjr9A6Z%2F6Kw94%2Bu%2BpIKHzUrp9QE7ODYvSIKePeT%2F8XTa6Vumj1LOyvZ1pvpySCrXmOHtxIpn%2FFRoNLQwrdIMqCAkt5jEqpO5ZqB2wZ6bBuLZ8YiWZJI%2F10UAuULnWdDwqqG855Q%2F6gL5JRJP7mQEjNudO11HC0OFAdKBODKnUZMwDHkg8Q58SaPhQGApQte14g2CwXjXiv5nmxwmhVWxaalKM9n7yuTVZIi1yc6nvSOJjKAK%2FWyuRVYqKCHQIuaIwvhni3UpyK27cQjybT%2FlEgBkVtDvBWi6SuU9oZgjDD37%2FCzBjqmAVyy7dtMVmganxUMYRpcZ3Axq3E1f%2B9LeaPOT0Gsboh5frCArvbWmcDFBOvlTRK%2BqtSXG8zSYKRMU0eo6nkb8yUXZbtB8fH9DmebsRbadm72B43HVMGU25sis%2F2bWj8FhUZROvUgQcmZBlio8L0VcwLdB5STpO4rwNgpqr9V8xEDMP%2FfM%2B%2Fg9qj6ttANm3Jjsjb4cVV7tLCNl40TfcbjiQqdmrnCvxU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIURL5Z5DMP%2F20240626%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240626T154744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=8a55cf4ffa10fc9b65aef9a4a13eb00c2f1bde49f8f235263eecf64641bebdb6) |
図表2 |
![213394-2.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/213394-2.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDAaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAOyH3qxsUgwP0UsrXXdlpcMOEz%2Fulbsir%2Fe1G%2BqWyCr9AiBko7Uhd1xQVzNGA8uYK9FYMsuZyfex7Mdio40OA3JkTSqZBAjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMjUYRJdHBmJCQxu6xKu0DrT3fvKLu9Ly0u2IcaOkZ6qga8pTecEoUfvG8VJb%2FxfF8JahI%2FNTvzl7%2BIsSqFQzVHk6mPH5gnh5%2FIM83S8%2BO%2BR8LtNAf3AyaH85y0MOCm3pNiCCyUWxTGu4xCJOp9ttuUudtXKIpzpx8quqp3GrkhPls%2B%2Bydja9D3YPcPGKhPFJ3rg5Iqt0OF2NJi2IGtAkzJnW8By4IXYq%2F6e07c%2BAInRDZj%2F2s%2FmVjeXb8raERfnKTtKSqFiZMw1qvZNibHcq%2FviiVrV0zbjGFWCv0wcKOrFtHWIamZV5E4%2F0%2BmvAAYMtDopIr6EUypMh%2F%2FLnDOP5PfLBdkP94%2F6NRpEZoBjeHLuGuJypeI0iB5bX3k9UOIvjr9A6Z%2F6Kw94%2Bu%2BpIKHzUrp9QE7ODYvSIKePeT%2F8XTa6Vumj1LOyvZ1pvpySCrXmOHtxIpn%2FFRoNLQwrdIMqCAkt5jEqpO5ZqB2wZ6bBuLZ8YiWZJI%2F10UAuULnWdDwqqG855Q%2F6gL5JRJP7mQEjNudO11HC0OFAdKBODKnUZMwDHkg8Q58SaPhQGApQte14g2CwXjXiv5nmxwmhVWxaalKM9n7yuTVZIi1yc6nvSOJjKAK%2FWyuRVYqKCHQIuaIwvhni3UpyK27cQjybT%2FlEgBkVtDvBWi6SuU9oZgjDD37%2FCzBjqmAVyy7dtMVmganxUMYRpcZ3Axq3E1f%2B9LeaPOT0Gsboh5frCArvbWmcDFBOvlTRK%2BqtSXG8zSYKRMU0eo6nkb8yUXZbtB8fH9DmebsRbadm72B43HVMGU25sis%2F2bWj8FhUZROvUgQcmZBlio8L0VcwLdB5STpO4rwNgpqr9V8xEDMP%2FfM%2B%2Fg9qj6ttANm3Jjsjb4cVV7tLCNl40TfcbjiQqdmrnCvxU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIURL5Z5DMP%2F20240626%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240626T154744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=b22b668ddc53a667004ffa8a8da2f543a306ab99215b4fcf49b71f59fc237759) |
図表3 |
![213394-3.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/213394-3.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDAaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAOyH3qxsUgwP0UsrXXdlpcMOEz%2Fulbsir%2Fe1G%2BqWyCr9AiBko7Uhd1xQVzNGA8uYK9FYMsuZyfex7Mdio40OA3JkTSqZBAjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMjUYRJdHBmJCQxu6xKu0DrT3fvKLu9Ly0u2IcaOkZ6qga8pTecEoUfvG8VJb%2FxfF8JahI%2FNTvzl7%2BIsSqFQzVHk6mPH5gnh5%2FIM83S8%2BO%2BR8LtNAf3AyaH85y0MOCm3pNiCCyUWxTGu4xCJOp9ttuUudtXKIpzpx8quqp3GrkhPls%2B%2Bydja9D3YPcPGKhPFJ3rg5Iqt0OF2NJi2IGtAkzJnW8By4IXYq%2F6e07c%2BAInRDZj%2F2s%2FmVjeXb8raERfnKTtKSqFiZMw1qvZNibHcq%2FviiVrV0zbjGFWCv0wcKOrFtHWIamZV5E4%2F0%2BmvAAYMtDopIr6EUypMh%2F%2FLnDOP5PfLBdkP94%2F6NRpEZoBjeHLuGuJypeI0iB5bX3k9UOIvjr9A6Z%2F6Kw94%2Bu%2BpIKHzUrp9QE7ODYvSIKePeT%2F8XTa6Vumj1LOyvZ1pvpySCrXmOHtxIpn%2FFRoNLQwrdIMqCAkt5jEqpO5ZqB2wZ6bBuLZ8YiWZJI%2F10UAuULnWdDwqqG855Q%2F6gL5JRJP7mQEjNudO11HC0OFAdKBODKnUZMwDHkg8Q58SaPhQGApQte14g2CwXjXiv5nmxwmhVWxaalKM9n7yuTVZIi1yc6nvSOJjKAK%2FWyuRVYqKCHQIuaIwvhni3UpyK27cQjybT%2FlEgBkVtDvBWi6SuU9oZgjDD37%2FCzBjqmAVyy7dtMVmganxUMYRpcZ3Axq3E1f%2B9LeaPOT0Gsboh5frCArvbWmcDFBOvlTRK%2BqtSXG8zSYKRMU0eo6nkb8yUXZbtB8fH9DmebsRbadm72B43HVMGU25sis%2F2bWj8FhUZROvUgQcmZBlio8L0VcwLdB5STpO4rwNgpqr9V8xEDMP%2FfM%2B%2Fg9qj6ttANm3Jjsjb4cVV7tLCNl40TfcbjiQqdmrnCvxU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIURL5Z5DMP%2F20240626%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240626T154744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=7586a71d813e45a3c8351e7f3bcecf5c5d45ea765ee40c2ff296ec108903e4f0) |
図表4 |
![213394-4.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/213394-4.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDAaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAOyH3qxsUgwP0UsrXXdlpcMOEz%2Fulbsir%2Fe1G%2BqWyCr9AiBko7Uhd1xQVzNGA8uYK9FYMsuZyfex7Mdio40OA3JkTSqZBAjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMjUYRJdHBmJCQxu6xKu0DrT3fvKLu9Ly0u2IcaOkZ6qga8pTecEoUfvG8VJb%2FxfF8JahI%2FNTvzl7%2BIsSqFQzVHk6mPH5gnh5%2FIM83S8%2BO%2BR8LtNAf3AyaH85y0MOCm3pNiCCyUWxTGu4xCJOp9ttuUudtXKIpzpx8quqp3GrkhPls%2B%2Bydja9D3YPcPGKhPFJ3rg5Iqt0OF2NJi2IGtAkzJnW8By4IXYq%2F6e07c%2BAInRDZj%2F2s%2FmVjeXb8raERfnKTtKSqFiZMw1qvZNibHcq%2FviiVrV0zbjGFWCv0wcKOrFtHWIamZV5E4%2F0%2BmvAAYMtDopIr6EUypMh%2F%2FLnDOP5PfLBdkP94%2F6NRpEZoBjeHLuGuJypeI0iB5bX3k9UOIvjr9A6Z%2F6Kw94%2Bu%2BpIKHzUrp9QE7ODYvSIKePeT%2F8XTa6Vumj1LOyvZ1pvpySCrXmOHtxIpn%2FFRoNLQwrdIMqCAkt5jEqpO5ZqB2wZ6bBuLZ8YiWZJI%2F10UAuULnWdDwqqG855Q%2F6gL5JRJP7mQEjNudO11HC0OFAdKBODKnUZMwDHkg8Q58SaPhQGApQte14g2CwXjXiv5nmxwmhVWxaalKM9n7yuTVZIi1yc6nvSOJjKAK%2FWyuRVYqKCHQIuaIwvhni3UpyK27cQjybT%2FlEgBkVtDvBWi6SuU9oZgjDD37%2FCzBjqmAVyy7dtMVmganxUMYRpcZ3Axq3E1f%2B9LeaPOT0Gsboh5frCArvbWmcDFBOvlTRK%2BqtSXG8zSYKRMU0eo6nkb8yUXZbtB8fH9DmebsRbadm72B43HVMGU25sis%2F2bWj8FhUZROvUgQcmZBlio8L0VcwLdB5STpO4rwNgpqr9V8xEDMP%2FfM%2B%2Fg9qj6ttANm3Jjsjb4cVV7tLCNl40TfcbjiQqdmrnCvxU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIURL5Z5DMP%2F20240626%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240626T154744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=a8f5c9e3a5a15b5817d3ad577e6fdd825b92d8d5ea3c4f193507fc39e513f9d5) |
図表5 |
![213394-5.gif](https://s3-agre-content.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/assets/images/seika_chart/213394-5.gif?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDAaDmFwLW5vcnRoZWFzdC0xIkcwRQIhAOyH3qxsUgwP0UsrXXdlpcMOEz%2Fulbsir%2Fe1G%2BqWyCr9AiBko7Uhd1xQVzNGA8uYK9FYMsuZyfex7Mdio40OA3JkTSqZBAjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDUzMjMzMTA3MjA0MSIMjUYRJdHBmJCQxu6xKu0DrT3fvKLu9Ly0u2IcaOkZ6qga8pTecEoUfvG8VJb%2FxfF8JahI%2FNTvzl7%2BIsSqFQzVHk6mPH5gnh5%2FIM83S8%2BO%2BR8LtNAf3AyaH85y0MOCm3pNiCCyUWxTGu4xCJOp9ttuUudtXKIpzpx8quqp3GrkhPls%2B%2Bydja9D3YPcPGKhPFJ3rg5Iqt0OF2NJi2IGtAkzJnW8By4IXYq%2F6e07c%2BAInRDZj%2F2s%2FmVjeXb8raERfnKTtKSqFiZMw1qvZNibHcq%2FviiVrV0zbjGFWCv0wcKOrFtHWIamZV5E4%2F0%2BmvAAYMtDopIr6EUypMh%2F%2FLnDOP5PfLBdkP94%2F6NRpEZoBjeHLuGuJypeI0iB5bX3k9UOIvjr9A6Z%2F6Kw94%2Bu%2BpIKHzUrp9QE7ODYvSIKePeT%2F8XTa6Vumj1LOyvZ1pvpySCrXmOHtxIpn%2FFRoNLQwrdIMqCAkt5jEqpO5ZqB2wZ6bBuLZ8YiWZJI%2F10UAuULnWdDwqqG855Q%2F6gL5JRJP7mQEjNudO11HC0OFAdKBODKnUZMwDHkg8Q58SaPhQGApQte14g2CwXjXiv5nmxwmhVWxaalKM9n7yuTVZIi1yc6nvSOJjKAK%2FWyuRVYqKCHQIuaIwvhni3UpyK27cQjybT%2FlEgBkVtDvBWi6SuU9oZgjDD37%2FCzBjqmAVyy7dtMVmganxUMYRpcZ3Axq3E1f%2B9LeaPOT0Gsboh5frCArvbWmcDFBOvlTRK%2BqtSXG8zSYKRMU0eo6nkb8yUXZbtB8fH9DmebsRbadm72B43HVMGU25sis%2F2bWj8FhUZROvUgQcmZBlio8L0VcwLdB5STpO4rwNgpqr9V8xEDMP%2FfM%2B%2Fg9qj6ttANm3Jjsjb4cVV7tLCNl40TfcbjiQqdmrnCvxU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAXX4LHRIURL5Z5DMP%2F20240626%2Fap-northeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240626T154744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=1800&X-Amz-Signature=06cfdca61f7c70cd18560feee5eafc0feb6426af62719c22c85a183a277f3b15) |
カテゴリ |
きゅうり
栽培技術
施設栽培
施肥
土壌診断
トマト
ねぎ
|